A single Langmuir probe measurements were performed in argon plasma of a plasma Device. The plasma Device is a cylindrical tube with a filament electrode at one end and plane electrode at the other end. Probe was designed to move longitudinally along the cylinder and to rotate around its axis for sweeping points at any radial position. A straight forward method based on the theory of Langmuir probe is generated for obtaining the plasma temperature and density from I-V characteristics of the probe in non-equilibrium cold plasma. Results show that for the argon plasma at 1.2×10-2 mbar working pressure and 2000 V voltage of discharge, the number density of electrons is much larger than that for ions, while the ion saturation current is negligible and the distance for plasma generation in this range of plasma pressure and discharge voltage is about 6 cm from the cathode toward the anode.

Background: The measurement of various components of infant growth is not only essential for monitoring infant health but is also associated with the well-being of infants and their parents, the use of human resources, frequent repositioning of infants, and a considerable amount of time. Objectives: Therefore, the present study aimed to design and evaluate a Device for the “simultaneous measurement of infants’ weight, height, head circumference, temperature, and heart rate”. Methods: This study follows a quantitative and semi-experimental approach. The “simultaneous measurement of weight, height, head circumference, temperature, and heart rate of a child” Device was officially registered as an invention with the number 104232 on May 18, 2021. The sample for this study comprised 100 infants selected from hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The data related to all 100 infants were collected and recorded using both routine measurement methods and digital Devices. Data collection tools included the Wong-Baker Faces scale to assess infant distress and a demographic questionnaire for recording growth components and the time of measurement. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software (version 20), and statistical significance was determined using the t-test (P < 0.05). Results: The comparison of mean distress scores in both the control and intervention groups revealed a significant reduction in infant distress scores during all measurements except for weight (P < 0.05). It is worth noting that the number of infant repositions required for each measurement was reduced from 6 in the routine method to 2 with the digital Device. Additionally, although 2 or 3 staff members were needed for measurements in the control group, only 1 staff member was sufficient for measurements in the intervention group. Discussion: Based on the evaluation results of the digital Device, it is anticipated that this Device could serve as a suitable alternative to the routine methods of measuring infant growth components. However, further studies are warranted to explore the broader applications of this digital Device.

Base station assisted Device-to-Device communications (D2D) lets cellular users communicate directly. As D2D connections can operate on a joint frequency band, interference management is essential to boost the spectral efficiency and users’ quality of service. Two different approaches are proposed to tackle the interference in D2D networks. A power control scheme and a frequency-time scheduling are examined to achieve long-term fairness among D2D users. The power control maximizes weighted sum-rate of the users, where the weights indicate priority of the users. The second proposed strategy is to avoid interference when it is high. In this algorithm, the spectrum band is divided among users as interference coupling rises. A metric from the information theory literature has been adopted to measure the coupling. The proposed schemes are tested through multiple time slots and the average rate of a user and network sum-rate have been observed. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed power control scheme.

Background: Sometimes, women find it difficult to conceive a baby and others use contraceptives that often have side effects. Researchers have already established the importance of measuring basal body temperature (BBT) and the potential of hydrogen (pH). Method: We have designed and realized a Device that allows the simultaneous measurement of the BBT and the pH. We used an Arduino Uno board, a pH sensor, and a temperature sensor. The Device communicates with a smartphone, can be integrated into all e‑ health platforms, and can be used at home. We validated our ovulation detector by a measurement campaign on a group of twenty women. If the pH is >7 and at the same time, the BBT is minimum and <36. 5° C, the women is in ovulation phase. If the pH is ≤ 7 and in the same time, the BBT is between 36. 5° C and 37° C, the women are in preovulation or follicular phase. If the pH is ≤ 7 and in the same time, the BBT is >36. 5° C, the women are in postovulation or luteal phase. Results: We tested the contraceptive aspect of our ovulometer on a set of seven women. We also tested the help of conceiving babies by having intercourse during the ovulation period fixed by our ovulation detector. The results are satisfactory. Conclusions: In the final version of our Device, we displayed just in “ fertility period” if the pH is ≥ 7 and the BBT is <36. 5° C else we displayed in “ nonfertility period. ”